NUTRITION IN PLANTS Class VII Chapter 1

 

NUTRITION   IN   PLANTS

MCQs

Select the best correct option among the following.

Flowering and Non-flowering Plants

1. Amarbel is an example of

(a)Autotroph 

 (b)Parasite

(c) Saprotroph   

(d) Host

2. The plant which traps and feeds on insects is-

(a)Cuscuta  

(b) China rose

(c) Pitcher plant   

(d) Rose

3. Which part of the plant gets carbon dioxide from the air for photosynthesis?

(a) Root hairs 

(b) Stomata

(c) Leaf veins   

(d) Sepals

4. Plants take carbon dioxide from the atmosphere mainly through their –

(a)  Roots  

(b) Stem

(c) Flowers  

(d) Leaves

5.  The site of photosynthesis is-

(a) Root

 (b) Stem

(c) Leaves 

(d) Flower

 6. Which among the following is /are an autotroph?

(a) Plants 

(b) Blue green algae (Cynobacteria)

(c) Euglena (an animal)   

(d) All of these

7. Which among the following options don’t prepare their own food?

(a) Cuscuta/Dodder/Amarbel   

(b) Fungi

(c) Both Cuscuta and Fungi  

 (d) None of these

8. The raw material required for photo synthesis is/are-

(a) Water  

(b) Carbon dioxide

(c) Sunlight  

(d) All of these

9.  Which heterotrophic mode of nutrition is displayed by ‘Fungi’?

(a) Parasitic 

(b) Saprophytic

(c) Symbiotic  

(d) Insectivorous

10. Which among the following show mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship?

(a)Lichens  

(b) Mushroom

(c) Pitcher plant  

(d) Cuscuta

11. In Opuntia (A cactus plant) the photosynthesis takes place in-

(a) Root   

(b) Stem

(c) Leaves   

(d) Both stem and leave

12. Which among these is /are an insectivorous plant?

(a) Pitcher plant  

(b) Venus Flytrap

(c) Sundew (Drosera)   

(d) All of these

13. Plants get their nitrogen supply through roots from-

(a) Chemical fertilizers like Urea 

(b)Atmospheric nitrogen

(c) Nitrogenous compounds formed by Rhizobium by Nitrogen fixation in the soil

(d) All of these

 14 Chlorophylls are green pigments in plants. What is/are true about chlorophylls?

(a) Most of the leaves are green due to chlorophylls  

(b)Chlorophylls trap solar energy for photosynthesis

(c) Green Chlorophylls disappear and changes into other colours

      in conifers and hardwood trees during autumn    

(d) All of these

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Answers

 

1. (b)Parasite

2. (c) Pitcher plant   

3. (b) Stomata

4. (d) Leaves

5. (c) Leaves

6. (d) All of these

7. (c) Both Cuscuta and Fungi  

8. (d) All of these

9. (b) Saprophytic

10. (a)Lichens  

11. (d) Both stem and leave

12. (d) All of these

13. (d) All of these

14. (d) All of these

 

 

 

                                                                                    ©Vinod Kumar

                                                                                     T.G.T. Science, Navodaya Vidyalaya Samiti

 

 

WINDS, STORMS AND CYCLONES Class VII Chapter 8

 Introduction-

The blowing air is called as wind.  Storms are the very high speed winds. When thunder and lightning occurs with storms, it is called as thunderstorm. Cyclone is a very high speed wind revolving around a low air pressure system. The central low air pressure system is called as ‘eye of cyclone’.

Characteristics of Air-

1. AIR EXERTS PRESSURE

2. HIGH SPEED WIND IS ACCOMPANIED BY REDUCED AIR PRESSURE.

3. AIR EXPANDS ON HEATING

1. AIR EXERTS PRESSURE-

A tin can was filled with some amount of water and lid is closed. It was heated so the water inside it changed into water vapour. When the cold water is poured over on it, the hot tin can gets shrink. It is due to changing of water vapour into liquid water and applying of air pressure from outside.

2. HIGH SPEED WIND IS ACCOMPANIED BY REDUCED AIR PRESSURE-

Example 1-

Due to blowing of air from mouth in between the flattened balloons, the air pressure gets reduced in between them. So, the air pressure on other side brings the two balloons close.

Blowing in between the two flattened balloons

Example 2-

In an empty bottle, a small piece of crumpled paper was kept. When the air is tried to blown inside the balloon, the piece of paper falls outside. It is because of reduced air pressure just outside the mouth of the bottle. 

Example 3 –

A strip of paper about 20 cm long and 3 cm wide was taken. It was holded by thumb finger and forefinger near the mouth.

When air is blown with fast speed from mouth, the paper strip lifts up and blows. It is because of reduced air pressure above the paper strip. So, the air puts pressure from below and side to lift it up.

Blowing of Paper strip

 

From these examples it is clear that air blows from the region of high air pressure to the region of low air pressure.

3. AIR EXPANDS ON HEATING-

The air being warm becomes lighter than cold air. So, the balance of air in both the paper cups becomes imbalanced.

 

 

Wind-

The blowing air is called as wind. The air blows from region of higher air pressure to region of lower air pressure.

  It is due to –

   (a) Uneven heating between the equator and the poles by sunlight.

   (b)  Uneven heating of land and water

(a) Uneven heating between the equator and the poles by sunlight-

The area close to the equator receives maximum heat while are near poles receives least heat of the sunlight.

    The earth can be divided into-

S.N.	Northern Hemisphere	S.N.	Southern Hemisphere
1.	0- 30 Degree North	1.	0- 30 Degree  South
2.	30-60 Degree North	2.	30-60 Degree South
3.	60-90 Degree North	3.	60-90 Degree  South

The heating in between the latitude belts is different from each other. So, the circulation of air currents is set up between the latitude belts. The rotation of the earth causes the change in the direction of wind.

Wind pattern and Coriolis effect-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(b)  Uneven heating of land and water-

In summer, the land near the equator becomes much faster than the ocean. Also, during day the land becomes comparatively warmer than ocean. The hot air rises up and to fulfill this lackness air moves from ocean towards land. These are monsoon winds.

    {Note- The word ‘monsoon’ is derived from the Arabic word ‘mausam’, which means ‘season’.

Southwest Monsoon      

Sea (High Air Pressure) à Land(Low Air Pressure)                                   

 

Northwest   Monsoon

Land (High Air Pressure) à Sea (Low Air Pressure)

DIFFERENCES-

S.N.	SOUTHWEST MONSOON	NORTHWEST MONSOON
1	It   moves from ocean to land.	They move from land to ocean.
2	It  is formed in summer season.	It  is formed in winter season.
3	Indian Ocean is at higher air Pressure.	Indian Peninsula is at higher air Pressure.
4	Cause lots of Rain.	Causes comparatively less rain

 

Thunderstorms- The thunderstorms develop in hot, humid tropical areas like India very frequently. The rising temperature produce strong upward rising winds carrying water droplets (moisture), where they become freeze and fall down.  The collision between rising air current and falling water droplets produce lightning and sound called thunderstorm.

Precautions during a thunderstorm-

1. Do not take shelter under a large tree. Choose a small tree. Do not lie on the ground.
2. Do not take an umbrella with metallic holder.
3. Do not sit under metal shed, open garage, storage shed as the attract lightening. Do not sit near open windows.
4. A car, bus is comparatively safe to take shelter because of rubber tyers (insulator of current).
5. Never be in water and near water bodies.

How a thunderstorm changes into a cyclone-

8. Such repeated cycles and other weather conditions develop ‘Cyclone’

7. Falling raindrops and raising hot air collide to produce thunderstorm

6. The bigger water drops of the clouds come down as rain, snow or hail

5. Warm air rises up, becomes cool, water vapour condenses to form the water droplets and clouds

4. Heavier cool air rushes towards the low-pressure area

3. Warm air rises up and creates a low air- pressure area

2. Development of convection current in air

1. Difference in temperature between two areas

 

Cyclone is a low air-pressure with very high speed winds revolving around it. Cyclones are very powerful storms. The central low air-pressure area is called as its ‘eye of cyclone’.

The eye of cyclone may be 8 -200 K.m. wide. The speed of cyclone wind can be 150 – 250 K.m./h. The central vortex height may be upto 150 K.m. in height. The eye wall of cyclone shows maximum wind speed and heaviest rainfall.

Different Names of cyclones-
1. Hurricane- American Continent- North Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
2. Typhoon- Philippines and Japan- North Pacific Ocean
3. Cyclone- Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal, Arabian Sea

 TORNADOES-

A tornado is a dark funnel shaped violent rotating column of air that reaches from sky to the earth. They are destructive fast rotating winds. Their narrow end touches the earth and wide end remains in the sky.A Tornado may form within a cyclone. The most violent tornado may attain a speed of about 300 km/h. The diameter of tornadoes may be from 1 m to about 1 km. The base of tornado has a low pressure area that sucks dust, debris and anything in its range and throws them out near the top.

 

 

 

 

 

 

In India, tornadoes are not very common. In American continents they are often seen.  The best way to protect from tornado to close the windows and doors and take shelter under the strong table. Bow down on knees protecting the head and neck with your hands. Tornado shelter rooms are also prepared inside the basement/underground without any window. Tornado is also called as twister.

 

 

EXERCISE QUESTIONS (SOLVED)

 

BODY MOVEMENT Class VI Chapter VIII

 

INTRODUCTION-

The movement is the most important characteristics of living organisms. The organisms move from one place to another. The flow of blood, air, nutrients, growth of stem, roots etc are common examples of movement. Different organisms show different patterns of movement.

ANIMALS	BODY PART (ORGAN) USED	MOVEMENT TYPE
Earthworm	Whole body	Creeping /muscular movement
Butterfly	Wings, Tail	Flying
Fish	Fins and Tail	Swimming
Ameba	Pseudopodia (False Foot)	Swimming
Birds	Wings and Tail	Flying
Humans	Limbs (foots and Hands)	Walking, Running, Jumping, Hopping, Skipping, Swimming

There is slight difference in word ‘movement’ and ‘locomotion’. When some part of body is used to move it is called movement. When whole body moves from one place to another it is called locomotion.

Body Parts	Rotates Completely	Rotates partly/Turns	Bend	Lift	Does not move at all
Neck	Yes
Wrist		Yes
Finger		Yes
Knee			Yes
Ankle				Yes
Toe			Yes
Back					Yes
Head					Yes
Elbow			Yes
Arm	Yes

 

Human skeleton System-

It is made up of bones and cartilage. Skeleton system is the framework of the body. In a mature person there are 206 bones.

Functions of Human Skeleton System -

1. Rigid framework gives support to the body.
2. It gives shape to the body.
3. Protects soft and visceral organs like heart, lungs, brain etc.
4. Blood cells are formed in long bones.
5. Whole weight of body is born by skeleton.

The bones of our skeleton system are hard and cannot bend. But, because of joints we can bend, and rotate our limbs. It is possible due to joints. The place in our body where bones meet each other is called as joint. It helps in walking, running, swimming, skipping etc. like movements.

There are different types of joints in our body. But the main four types of joints have been discussed here.

    (i) Fixed Joint

    (ii) Pivotal Joint

    (iii) Ball and Socket Joint

    (iv) Hinge Joint

 (i) Fixed Joint-   The joint of bones which cannot move at all are called as fixed joints. e. g.- Joints of skull and upper jaw.

 

(ii) Pivotal Joint- The joint bones between backbone (vertebral column) and the head is called pivotal joint or neck joint. e. g. Joint of Neck. It allows movement in all directions.

 

 

(iii) Ball and Socket Joint-

The joint of bones in which there is a ball like structure at the end of one bone that fits in a socket like structure of other bone is called as ball and socket joint.

 e. g.- Shoulder joint and Pelvic joint.

 

 

 

 

(iv) Hinge Joint- The joint of bones which allow the movement in one plane only is called as hinge joint. e. g.- Elbow, Knee, Toe and Fingers

This joint is just like the door panes attached with door frame with the hinge.

 NOTE-

Gliding Joint- The joint of bones in which bones can glide over each other and allow slight movement in all directions is called as gliding Joint. e. g.-Wrist and Ankle.

 

 

 

 

The movement of our body occurs by contraction and relaxation of muscles. The muscles are joined by bones by tendon tissue. The bones are joined with each other by ligament tissue. For bending and other activities joint are there in our body. They all help in movement and locomotion of body.

Cartilage- It is a soft skeleton tissue. It is found in nose, ear, and neck and at the joints of bones.

Ancient Greek Philosopher Aristotle in his book ‘Gaits of Animals’ has described patterns of movements in animals. He is regarded as ‘Father of Biology and Zoology’.

Following are the movement patterns in these important animals-

1. Earthworm-

Earthworms do not have bones and legs. Their body is made up of muscular rings joined end to end. They elongate and shorten their body by contraction and relaxation of these muscles.

 

 

 

The body of earthworm fixes on ground by tiny bristles (hair like muscles) during movement. It releases a slimy substance which helps in movement.

2. Snails-

The snails are found in gardens, crop fields and pastureland. Their soft body remains protected by hard outer shell made up of Calcium carbonate {CaCO₃}. Its body is segmented and two tentacles are found in front. It moves with the help of its muscular foot.

 

 

 

3. Cockroaches-

Cockroaches are common insects in our houses. They can fly, climb and walk short distances. They have 3 pairs of legs. They have two pairs of wings. Their muscles are strong. They have an outer skeleton.

 

4. Birds-

Birds have wings which are modified forelimbs. They can walk and fly. They have hollow bones which make them light in weight. They have flight muscles. They have streamlined body, narrow at head and tail while thick in the middle. It reduces friction of air during flying. Some swimming birds have webbed feet.

 

 

 

5. Fish-

Their body is streamlined which reduces friction in water during swimming. Fins and tails also help in swimming.

 

 

6. Snakes-

Snakes have long, cylindrical body. They have long backbone, ribs and many thin muscles. They form loops during movement and tiny scales on the abdomen help in it. Snakes show serpentine movement.

 

 

 

 

 

EXERCISE QUESTIONS (SOLVED)